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Have you as a “Stakeholder” ever taken the moment to step back and think about the performance of your Enterprise?

Review this case scenario and determine if you have observed the same within your Enterprise:

At the start of a meeting about the declining performance of the Customer Care Managers of enterprise XYZ, the attending top management team “knew” that the Customer Care Managers lacked skills and knowledge and required additional training.

By the meeting’s end, they were not so sure. During discussions several concerns unrelated to skills and knowledge surfaced about the processes of the Customer Care Managers. The presenting problem was that the Customer Care Managers could not delegate certain tasks, which caused time constraints in handling customer complaints.

As the case scenario indicates, it was thought the declining performance of the Customer Care Managers was contributed to lack of skills and knowledge, which can truly hinder performance in an Enterprise. However, as we can see the roles of the Customer Care Managers are limited by lack of delegation of certain tasks.

When one delegates within an Enterprise, he or she will direct elements such as – “tasks,” “events,” and/or “activities” to be performed by another entity: Technology or Human.

Business Process Management (BPM) enables an Enterprise to efficiently manage its processes to serve an end-result with input-perform work-output methodologies. So you can see how “Performance Architecture” is a key and integral part of a Business Process Management (BPM) projects. It provides the efficiencies to “tasks,” “events,” and/or “activities.” 

Performance Architecture

Performance Architecture in terms of BPM can be defined as the design principles required to optimize efficiencies in – tasks, events, and/or activities of the underlying Enterprise. 

Let’s use our case scenario as an example to illustrated through a Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) diagram the performance bottleneck of a Customer Care Manager.

Task = Determine if product is under warranty from a customer inquiry

As you can determine from the diagram, the Customer Care Manager must conduct the research to determine if the customer’s product is under warranty thus reducing the time to focus on “customer complaints” which SHOULD be a high priority task within the business process for “customer care.”

In another segment of the Enterprise, we have a Product Specialist that handles research and updates of product information as illustrated below.

As you can determine from the diagram, the Product Specialist manages the return method and warranty information to name a few. If you recall, it was discovered the Customer Care Managers were conducting their own research on product warranty information. Hence, this is one root cause of performance derogation to customer satisfaction. 

Now let us examine the two processes after a Performance Architecture intervention.

As you can now see, we have increase the performance efficiency of the Customer Care Manager by delegating certain customer inquiries to the Product Specialist. The Customer Care Manager’s primary task now is “handling complaints” which enhances the Enterprise’s perceived customer services as extraordinary, which in turn increases customer loyalty.  

In Summary

Performance Architecture is a subset of BPM in that it optimizes – tasks, events, and/or activities of the underlying Enterprise. The design methodology of Performance Architecture is to seek out inefficiencies in processes tasks, events, and/or activities. These inefficiencies can include but are not limited to the following:

• Duplicate or redundant tasks, events and/or activities
• Time constraints (i.e. time to complete  tasks, events and/or activities)
• Human stress (i.e. performing tasks, events and/or activities that can be delegated)
• Technology constrains (i.e. obsolete technology)

One should be very mindful not to over architect processes for performance for it may decrease or hamper scalability of the underlying processes which in itself will create performance issues.

Contact dotNet Framework Solutions for an evaluation of your enterprise!

The “Enterprise” is an entity that is formed to serve a purpose of value to society via visions, goals, and strategies. Let us review a few forms of an Enterprise. 

•  Federal, state and local government agencies
•  Non-profit organizations
•  Business companies 

All of the above-mentioned enterprises share something in common; they all have internal components that govern and guide operations. These components [must] be constantly improved to maintain and enhance the life of an “Enterprise.” 

The three “primary” components that govern and guide operations of the Enterprise are: 

• Enterprise Architecture Plan (EAP)
• Enterprise\Business Process Management (EPM or BPM)
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 

Enterprise Architecture Plan 

The Enterprise Architecture Plan (EAP) is derived from the vision, goals, and strategies of its creators. The EAP will present the five W’s and the How of Enterprise Architecture. The following are the five W’s and the How. 

• The What of the Enterprise (Data)
• The Where of the Enterprise (Network)
• The Who of the Enterprise (Organization)
• The When of the Enterprise (Schedule)
• The Why  of the Enterprise (Strategy)
• The How  of the Enterprise (Function) 

Enterprise Architectural Principles 

The specifics of enterprise architectural principles will depend on the vertical market the Enterprise is in, the long-term strategy of the Enterprise (to-be), and the short-term imperative goals of the Enterprise (as-is). The following is by no means an exhaustive list of specifics to the architectural principles. This short list is the core elements of the architectural principles. 

The EAP should encompass some, of if not all, of these enterprise architectural principles: 

1. 1. Organization-enabling
2. 2. Value-enabling
3. 3. Brand-name advancing
4. 4. Market-share expanding
5. 5. Processes-simplifying
6. 6. Processes-minimizing
7. 7. Optimized-continually
8. 8. Customer-centric
9. 8. Scalable
10. 10. Reconfigurable 

These principles along with the five W’s and the How will lay the foundation to the construction of the Enterprise. 

Enterprise\Business Process Management

The flow of tasks, objectives, events, and transactions through the Enterprise is governed, managed, and implemented by processes. Theses processes have to be governed and management in a way that all tasks, objectives, events, and transactions flow efficiently within and outside of the Enterprise to accomplish the set goals and strategies. 

Process management in its simplest form is defined as tasks and or events that receive stimulus inputs that in turn produces a predetermined outputs (even in the case of exceptions). 

This is accomplished by and through human and technology process interactions. 

Let us use the case of an admittance or discharge to the hospital from the emergency room. 

One may feel ill enough to go to the emergency care at the local hospital. Once the person enters the doors of the ER and the receptionist greets the person, two essential processes are initiated into action. 

They are: 

• Collect information about the illness (human-centric)
• Collect information about the patient (human-centric) 

The collected information is then pushed to a database (technology-centric) for use by other processes associated to the emergency protocol. Based upon the illness or symptoms of the patient, the next [technology-centric] process will determine which doctor to summon to the assigned examination room (human-centric and or technology-centric). The doctor will then interact with the patient to determine, which course of action to take which will lead to an admittance process or discharge process. Now this is a very short and simple snapshot of actions taken for someone who may visit the emergency room but I trust you have the gist of have these processes interact for this given case. 

Therefore, you can see how Enterprise\Business Process Management is the heart of the Enterprise functionality. Processes MUST be well defined and optimized to provide best performance for an organization. This in turn will grant the enterprise agility and increase successfulness of the desired goals and strategies. 

Customer Relationship Management 

As the BPM provides functionality to the Enterprise, the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) methodology provides life to the Enterprise. Most enterprises operate in a product service-centric manner, which means they created product(s) and or service(s) without the thought of the customer in conducting business. 

A product service-centric enterprise is destined to demise for lack of customer integration. Here is a great quote that all members of Top management should hang on the wall:         

“Businesses are not paid to reform customers. They are paid to satisfy customers.” 

-Peter Drucker 

A CRM solution allows the enterprise to transform into a “customer-centric” entity. CRM in its general definition is; processes and methodologies which an enterprise uses to communicate, track, and organize its interactions with its current and prospective customers. 

A well-implemented CRM solution will provide a ROI of increased customer loyalty and continuous growth of new customers. 

In Summary 

We have learned that the Enterprise is an entity that is formed to serve a purpose via visions, goals, and strategies. An Enterprise Architecture Plan (EAP) is then created from theses visions, goals, and strategies. The EAP will capture and present the What, Where, Who, When, Why, and How of the Enterprise. 

Processes within an Enterprise are controlled through Enterprise\Business Process Management methodologies.  Processes are all tasks, objectives, events, and transactions that flow within and outside of the Enterprise. Process management in its simplest form is defined as tasks and events that receive stimulus inputs that in turn produces a predetermined outputs (even in the case of exceptions). 

The Customer Relationship Management methodology is the bridge that connects the Enterprise to the customer and the customer to the Enterprise. A CRM solution allows the Enterprise to transform into a “customer-centric” entity. CRM in its general definition is; processes and methodologies an Enterprise uses to communicate, track, and organize its interactions with its current and prospective customers.  

Contact dotNet Framework Solutions for an evaluation of your enterprise! 

As we continue with the second part of the “Business Process Modeling Methodology” article lets take a moment to recap.

As you may recall from the first part of this article, our business process patterns methodology consist of the followings:

·         Value Chain – BPP₁

·         Expansion – BPP₂

·         Business Architecture\Renovation – BPP₃

·         Resources – BPP₄

The four BPP’s have internal processes that 1) execute, 2) manage, and 3) provide state and status.

We will now descend from the 25,000-foot level to final approach with the integrals of the BPP’s.

 The Value Chain BPP 

The Value Chain processes consist of activates, task, and events that process incoming logistics that in turn are guided through the enterprise to produce a valued product or service to the customer. The chain of activities that are the “Value Chain” provides the product(s)/service(s) greater value than the process before it. The Value Chain operatives are not to be confused with Supply Chain operations. Supply Chain processes feed into the Value Chain at different intervals of operations.   

The “primary activities” of the Value Chain include and are not limited to the following: incoming logistics, operations/productions, and outbound logistics such as raw materials that are sent away for construction and/or completion that in turn are provided back as value to the Value Chain processes. Marketing, sales activities, and service complete the primary activates. The “Resources” business process patterns also contribute to the Value Chain.

Here is an example of how we develop a new widget request from the market (customers) that feeds into the Value Chain:

The Business Process Pattern Flow

Let examine the flow of this transaction: 

 Management decides to introduce a new widget for the market. The plan is formulated in the - Business Architecture\Renovation – BPP₃  - pattern.

Business ArchitectureRenovation – BPP3

Once the plan is completed it than proceeds to the – Expansion – BPP₂ – at which time it is developed into the new widget.

Expansion – BPP2

After the development of the new widget, it is introduced to the - Value Chain – BPP₁ – pattern for marketing and shipping. Also, status and state is sent back to Architecture\Renovation – BBP₃  - pattern for monitoring and performance of the new widget.

Value Chain – BPP1

Resources – BPP₄, provides the resources such as materials, capital, human capital, etc. to bring the widget to life. We illustrate the importance of the transactions with external vendors in the case of creating the new widget. 

Resources – BPP4

These individual breakdowns of the patterns may be applied to the following diagrams to come for a better understanding of their functionality in the given case. This also holds true for any process-modeling project given any enterprise type. One only needs to recall the four patterns definition and apply the functionality of it internals – Execute, Manage, Status, and State - to the project that will use the methodology.   

The Expansion BPP

Expansion, BPP₂, manages and executes the enterprise growth. The processes involved are those that provide new development and capabilities such as new products, new services, new infrastructure, and enhanced or new processes.

During the formation or re-engineering of the enterprise, top-management has the responsibility to ensure that this BPP is created and formed to leverage scalability for the enterprise.

The internal processes of BPP₂ may be composed of the following activates:

·         Evaluate new development and/or capabilities

·         Manage new development and/or capabilities

·         Design and create new capabilities

·         Provide feedback in terms of KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators), Scorecards, Dash boards, etc

Let us examine an expansion flow:

Expansion BPP2 - Flow

Every enterprise begins their journey by way of a thought that is transformed into a vision. That vision is than expanded into strategies that serves the marketplace with an entity of value. The “Business Architecture\Renovation” business pattern is the fundamental root of all processes. If this pattern is poorly implemented then the enterprise will render results that may fail the vision.

The internal processes of BPP₃ generally have the following activates:

·         Define or enhance the enterprise vision and concepts

·         Transform the vision into strategy

·         Manage the strategy goals

·         Develop the goals

Here is a flow of the Business Architecture\Renovation BPP:

ArchitectureRenovation BPP3 - Flow

The Resources BPP

An enterprise requires components (resources) to make it function. These components span a large spectrum of elements. These elements include everything from pencils to the human capital that use them, from CD-ROM’s to the Network infrastructure that communicates the data from them and much more.

The internal processes of BPP₄ generally have the following activates:

·         Obtain resource type (Human, Capital, Infrastructure, Technology, etc.)

·         Decide and manage the application of the resources

·         Manage the strategy goals

·         Develop the goals

Here is a hiring scenario:

Resources BPP4 - Flow

Now that we have landed at the completion of the serious, we trust that you comprehend the interworking of our “Business Process Modeling Methodology.”  This methodology may be plugged into any type of enterprise.

With a well-structured Enterprise Architecture Blueprint (EAB) and the embodiment of this modeling methodology within that blueprint, it enables any enterprise the assurance of success. 

This ends the discussion on our modelling methodology. For additional information please contact us. 

What a ‘Process’ Is

An enterprise can solve many problems by defining their operational concepts properly. Improper definitions will make for poor operations of the enterprise.

Every enterprise operates to achieve objectives. For example:

• Sales of goods and/or services
• Hiring of personnel
• The prototyping and design of new products
• Presentation of goods and/or services to market
• Collection of capital for goods and/or services sold

These are all ‘processes’ of an enterprise. The ‘processes’ have units of ‘activates’, ‘tasks’, and ‘events’ that embody the enterprise operations. These units provide certain outcomes of the ‘processes.’ The above objectives may have the following outcomes:

• Sales – to respond to a market demand
• Hiring – to obtain skilled personnel for operational elements of the enterprise
• Prototyping and Design – to create new products/services for changing markets
• Marketing – to capture market share for the enterprise good and/or services
• Finances – to ensure capital income from good and/or services

So the essentials of a ‘process’ are personnel and/or equipment that accomplish things. A ‘process’ outcome is people and/or equipment working together. In particular this is about collaborated ‘activities’, ‘tasks’, and ‘events’ of the enterprise. A ‘process’ has an outcome: which is intended to achieve the objectives of the enterprise.

Here is the Wikipedia definition of a ‘business process’:

A business process or business method is a collection of interrelated ‘tasks’, which accomplish a particular goal.

There are three types of business processes:

• Management processes, the processes that govern the operation of a system. Typical management processes include “Corporate Governance” and “Strategic Management”
• Operational processes, processes that constitute the core business and create the primary value stream. Typical operational processes are Purchasing, Manufacturing, Marketing, and Sales
• Supporting processes, which support the core processes. Examples include Accounting, Recruitment, and Technical support

A business process begins with a customer’s need and ends with a customer’s need fulfillment. Process oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos.

A business process can be decomposed into several sub-processes, which have their own attributes, but also contribute to achieving the goal of the super-process. The analysis of business processes typically includes the mapping of processes and sub-processes down to activity level.

Business Processes are designed to add value for the customer and should not include unnecessary activities. The outcome of a well-designed business process is increased effectiveness (value for the customer) and increased efficiency (less costs for the company).

Business Processes can be modeled through a large number of methods and techniques. For instance, the Business Process Modeling Notation is a Business Process Modeling technique that can be used for drawing business processes in a workflow.

Contact dotNet Framework Solutions for your BPM consultation

BPMN (Business Process Management Notation) captures your processes and presents them in a graphical form.  BPMN is a standard defined by the Objects Management Group (OMG). BPMN provides many symbols to represent events, activities, tasks and others.Events:
 

Activity/Task:

Gateways:

Connecting:

A simple notated process: How would BPMN present the vision of the enterprise? Let’s view a hypothetical enterprise vision of making glowing cloths hangers. This vision would be the starting [Event] to a Business Planning Process. Within the Business Planning Process the glowing cloths hanger would move through multiple [Gateways] and [Activity/Task] notations.

Example: What color should the hanger have – a Gateway Method that flows to green or red?The receiving [Task] notation would then process the chosen color. The flow would continue in processing the vision of creating the glowing cloths hanger until the [End] [Event] occurs which would present a graphical representation similar as presented above.There are now tools available to presents a higher level of presentation then the representation presented here. For the executive team theses graphical presentation and statuses would provide great value to the course of the business by allowing for implementation of what-if scenarios that would be feed into a simulation processes thus returning visual results of the enterprise modification to the vision.

Contact dotNet Framework Solutions for your BPM consultation.